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Lesson 1: Permanent Deformation
7. Design against permanent deformation
Lesson 7 Test

Lesson 1: Permanent Deformation

eLearning lessons
1. What is permanent deformation and why we do not like it
2. Stresses and strains in road structures
3. Permanent deformation rutting classification
4. Survey and monitoring techniques
5. Classifications, analysis and diagnostics
6. Managing permanent deformation
7. Design against permanent deformation

Lesson 7 Test

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Question 1 of 15

1. Question
The rehabilitation process can be usually divided into
- Two phases: 1) Rough estimation of structures and 2) design
- Three phases: 1) Data collection, 2) analysis & problem diagnosis and 3) design
- Five phases: 1) Rough estimation of structure, 2) data collection, 3) interview of local maintenance crew, 4) problem diagnosis and 5) design
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Question 2 of 15

2. Question
In the rehabilitation process it is important to FIRST
- Find out the locations of cables and utilities to avoid problems with drillings
- Sub-divide the road into homogenous sections
- Find out what kind of materials are locally available
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Question 3 of 15

3. Question
The standard of a rehabilitation will depend on
- The money available
- The amount of heavy vehicles
- The life time expectancy for the work
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Question 4 of 15

4. Question
If the strain value in the bottom of bound layer is
- 200µstrain; it means that the layer will have a rapid failure
- 200µstrain; it means that the layer has a low risk for failure
- 1200µstrain; it means that the layer will have a rapid failure
- 1200µstrain; it means that the layer has a low risk for failure
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Question 5 of 15

5. Question
Which of the following cases should be taken into account when using the ROADEX Odemark method for bearing capacity calculations?
- If the bedrock is close to the road surface the Odemark calculations give initial bearing capacity values that are too high
- If the subgrade soil is peat, the Odemark calculations can give bearing capacity values that are too low. In this case the new designed structure should be made thicker than the Odemark dimension method proposes.
- If the drainage system is in very poor shape, the Odemark calculations will give low values. In these cases the best solution is always to design thick structures.
- If the drainage system is in very poor shape, but is planned to be improved one year before the actual rehabilitation, the surface moduli can be set 10-20MPa lower than the target moduli.
- There are no exceptions. Odemark calculations are always reliable.
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Question 6 of 15

6. Question
Select the suitable moduli value / values for a very weak subgrade soil
- 5 MPa
- 50 MPa
- 200 MPa
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Question 7 of 15

7. Question
Select the suitable moduli value / values for a weak unbound base course
- 30 MPa
- 100 MPa
- 400 MPa
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Question 8 of 15

8. Question
Select the suitable moduli value / values for a strong asphalt or other bituminous layer
- 5000 MPa
- 3000 MPa
- 1000 MPa
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Question 9 of 15

9. Question
What is / are good solution /solutions for a paved road section (old pavement thickness 75mm) suffering from severe Mode 1 rutting?
- Mixmilling + new pavement (50 mm)
- New aggregate + mixmilling + new pavement
- Bitumen stabilization 150 mm + new pavement
- New base on the top + new pavement
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Question 10 of 15

10. Question
What is / are the optimum solutions /solutions for a paved road section which is suffering from Mode 2 rutting (old pavement is 75mm)?
- Old pavement removal, steel grid, 200 mm base + new pavement
- Mixmilling + new pavement
- Mixmilling, new layers on the top + new pavement
- Steel grid + new pavement
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Question 11 of 15

11. Question
What is / are the optimum solution / solutions for a gravel road that is suffering from Mode 1 rutting?
- a)Adding new layers on the top , the minimum new layer thickness should be 100mm
- Removal of old wearning course, 150-250mm new base course + new wearing course
- Cement stabilization + new wearing course
- None of above mentioned, because Mode 1 rutting cannot exist on gravel roads.
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Question 12 of 15

12. Question
What is / are the optimum solution / solutions for a gravel road which is suffering from Mode 2 rutting?
- Adding new wearing course
- Removal of wearing course, 200 – 400 mm new structures and wearing course + drainage improvement
- Deep soil replacement to the depth of 1,5m
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Question 13 of 15

13. Question
An example of a road structure and loading is shown in the figure below. Choose the most suitable description and rehabilitation method. (Click image to view full size)
- The subgrade and pavement are weak. The best solution is to perform soil replacement.
- The subgrade is strong. The pavement is also strong, but is too thin for the relatively weak structural layers. A good solution would be to lay a new pavement layer on top of the existing.
- There is nothing wrong with this structure.
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Question 14 of 15

14. Question
An example of a road structure and loading is shown in the figure below. Choose the most suitable description and rehabilitation method. (Click image to view full size)
- The subgrade is probably weak silt. There is a high risk for Mode 2 rutting. A good solution would be to add new layers on the top.
- The subgrade is probably gravel or sand. There is a high risk for Mode 1 rutting. The best solution would be to add a new pavement layer
- There is nothing wrong with this structure.
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Question 15 of 15

15. Question
An example of a gravel road / forest road structure and its properties are shown in the figure. Choose suitable description(s) and rehabilitation method(s). (Click image to view full size)
- The road has high risk for Mode 1 rutting. A good solution would be to use trucks equipped with CTI-systems.
- The subgrade is probably silt and the road has high risk for Mode 2 rutting. At least the drainage should be improved.
- A thin and weak structure over a strong subgrade. A good solution would be to add 200mm of new good quality base course material on the top of the existing structure. This will also reduce the possibility of frost heaves.
- There is nothing wrong with this structure.
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eLearning lessons

Lesson 1: Permanent Deformation
Lesson 2: Roads on Peat
Lesson 3: Drainage of Low Volume Roads
Lesson 4: Environmental Considerations for Low Volume Roads
Lesson 5: Gravel and Forest Road

English (Updated)
Suomi
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